Do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden, e. Consequently, this has led to efforts to measure nicotine dependence. Health patients to manage their nicotine dependence while in a smoke free environment. Answer the following questions honestly, then add up the score associated with each answer the scores are given in brackets question score.
Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence data share 2. Check how dependent are you to nicotine addiction to smoking back to main page. There is no need to do the full fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence asking three simple questions will suffi ce to determine if the client is nicotine dependent see box below. Nicotine dependence studies are increasingly combining samples of. A factor analysis of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd. We explored the relationship between the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd and smoking abstinence rates in 10. Time to first cigarette after waking the number of cigarettes smoked per day. A confirmatory factor analysis of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependencesmokeless tobacco. Write the number of the answer that is most applicable in the box to the right of the question. The ftq was developed in 1978 fagerstrom, 1978, and a revised version was published in 1991. This modified version of the ftq fagerstrom, 1978 assesses the level of nicotine dependence among adolescents. After 60 minutes 3160 minutes 630 minutes within 5 minutes 0 1 2 3. What aspect of dependence does the fagerstrom test for.
Fagerstrom tolerance scale reliability and validity pomerleau cs, carton sm, lutzke ml, flessland ka, pomerleau of. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd is the most commonly used measure of dependence among tobacco users. A low dependence score indicates level of nicotine dependence and therefore the level of interventionsupport that the person will need to successfully cease smoking. Nicotine dependence, fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd, saliva cotinine, correlation. Clinical guidelines and procedures for the management of nicotine. Dependence level nicotine replacement therapy dosage combination therapy high patches. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd use the following test to score a patients level of nicotine dependence once they have been identified as a current or recent smoker. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questions answers points 1.
Modified version of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Assessment scales for nicotine addiction omics international. Fagerstrom test for cigarette dependence infirmary health. Fagerstrom test for nicotine addiction the calculator. A survey of tobacco use in the general population was carried out in the northern spanish.
Psychometric properties of fagerstrom test for nicotine. The higher the total fagerstrom score, the more intense is the patients physical dependence on nicotine. Circle one response within 5 minutes 630 minutes 3160 minutes more than 60 minutes 3 2 1 0 2. Modified version of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire mftq. In scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, yesno items are scored from 0 to 1 and multiplechoice items are scored from 0 to 3.
Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence question answer point value your points how soon after you wake up do you smokeuse your first cigarettechew. A revision of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd, a derivation of the. Use the following test to score a patients level of nicotine dependence once they have been identified as a current or recent smoker.
Nicotine dependence is a serious public health concern due to it. Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence assessment score. The instrument uses a 5point likert scale for all seven items, except for one item on smoking during the first two hours of the day. Wann nach dem aufwachen rauchen sie ihre erste zigarette. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence instructions. Scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence to remind you of information covered in module 1 about scoring the test. One of the most frequently used tools for assessment of nicotine dependence is the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has. Pdf the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence as a predictor. The fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire was developed by karlolov fagerstrom. May 14, 2014 this critical synthesis package contains. The correlation of two nicotine dependence measurement.
A score of 5 or more indicates a significant dependence, while a score of 4 or less shows a low to moderate dependence. Reliability of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the. Psychometric properties of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence as a predictor of smoking abstinence. Within 5 minutes 3 630 minutes 2 3160 minutes 1 after 60 minutes 0 do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden e. On average, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day. Nicotine replacement therapy recommendations from clinical guidelines part 7. We also found that a revised scoring of time to the first cigarette of the day ttf and number of cigarettes smoked per day cpd improved the scale.
The correlation between the ftndst total score and the serum cotinine concentrations was 0. When you make the decision to quit, you may want to talk with your doctor about nicotine replacement therapy or other medications to help you break your addiction. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence vs heavy smoking. Item level correlations reported in original citation.
This paper focuses on a widely used, paperandpencil test of nicotine dependence the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire ftq. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the. Nicotine dependence is defined as a neurobiological adaptation to repeated drug exposure that is manifested behaviorally by highly controlled or compulsive use. Click on the image or right click to open the source website in a new browser window. Ftnd abbreviation stands for fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence. Radzius a, gallo jj, epstein dh, gorelick da, cadet jl, et al. Within 5 minutes 3 within 6 30 minutes 2 within 31 60 minutes 1 after 60 minutes 0 2. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence an overview. The three multiplechoice items are scored from 0 to 3. After 60 minutes 0 31 60 minutes 1 6 30 minutes 2 within 5 minutes 3 2. Do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden.
The most widely used measure is the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd, table 1. Tools for the assessment of nicotine dependence are important for clinical research. You arent in control of your smoking it is in control of you. Two items out of the six in the questionnaire time to first cigarette in the morning and cigarette consumption account for most of the variance predicting outcome of smoking cessation treatment. Psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical manual of mental. The original fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire fagerstrom, 1978 is more than 30 years old, but more recently the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd. Despite its widespread use over two decades, the literature reflects uncertainty regarding what aspects of nicotine dependence are tapped by the ftnd. Adapted from heatherton tf, kozlowski lt, frecker rc, fagerstrom ko. The objective of this study is to compare the validity of the hsi versus the ftnd.
Calculate approximately how many years of your life have been cut due to smoking and predicts how many years left for you to live here. Onset of regular smoking at age 18 to 20 also was associated with higher nicotine. Scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd in scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the three yesno items are scored 0 no and 1 yes. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence faculty of medicine and. After combining the second and third symptoms, the tds was developed. Clinical implications of reinforcement as a determinant of substance use disorders. Psychometric properties of ftnd have been validated among cigarette smokers, but the reliability and validity of its variant for smokeless tobacco st users ftndst is not well documented. Nicotine dependence is a chronic, relapsing disease defined as a compulsive craving to use the drug, despite harmful social consequences. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence was designed to provide an ordinal measure of nicotine dependence related to cigarette smoking. Two common assessment tools for nicotine dependence are the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd and the nicotine dependence section of the diagnostic interview schedule disiiir or iv based on the diagnostic and statistical manual dsmiiir and iv, respectively. How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette. Criterionrelated validity correlated scale results with tests of salivary cotinine, a stable metabolite of nicotine. The findings indicate that the ftq correlates with other proposed.
In scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, yesno items are scored from 0 to 1 and multiplechoice items are. Pdf the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence as a. It contains six items that evaluate the quantity of cigarette consumption, the compulsion to use, and dependence. Dependence on smoking based on fagerstrom test of nicotine cigarette dependence, ftndftcd this set of questions will enable us to see how dependent you are on your cigarettes. Dependence level nicotine replacement therapy dosage combination therapy. Support, information and resources help everyone quit smoking.
Dec 30, 2009 the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd is used for assessing nicotine dependence. Do you smokechew more frequently in the hours after waking than during the rest of the day. In the clinic, the fagerstrom test may be used by the physician to document indications for prescribing medication for nicotine withdrawal. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence question criterion score 1. One factor that may be affecting the psychometric qualities of the scale is the use of a dichotomous, forcedchoice response format for. Internal consistency reliability assessed using the. Translation find a translation for fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence in other languages. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence aims to stratify the severity of nicotine addiction by quantifying smoking habits, the number of cigarettes smoked per day and any related symptoms. A psychometric evaluation of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence in ptsd smokers. Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire definition of fagerstrom. Five current dependence scalesthe fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence question answer point.
Pomerleau cs, carton sm, lutzke ml, flessland ka, pomerleau of. For each question, check v the box that best describes your response. This instrument was modified to the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence by todd heatherton, et al. Is the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence invariant across. This critical synthesis package contains 1 a critical analysis of the psychometric properties and applications to nicotine dependence for the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders. Record every cigarette you have for the next few days. The genetics of nicotine addiction has been probed using combinations of genetic markers. Pdf a confirmatory factor analysis of the fagerstrom. Nicotine dependence develops over time as a person continues to use nicotine. This can in turn help medical professionals refer the patient for nicotine replacement therapy nrt in case quitting smoking proves to be too difficult. These images are a random sampling from a bing search on the term fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence.
Pdf a psychometric evaluation of the fagerstrom test for. Onset of regular smoking before age 21 and subsequent. The adjusted odds of high nicotine dependence vs combined medium and low nicotine dependence were greater among those who started smoking regularly under age 18 than those who started at age 21 or older adjusted odds ratio aor, 2. Reliability of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Fagerstrom test for cigarette dependence the fagerstrom test for cigarette dependence is designed to help you and your healthcare provider have a discussion about your need to smoke. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence appendix 3. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence is a standard instrument for assessing the intensity of. Within 5 minutes 630 minutes 3160 minutes after 60 minutes 3 2 1 0 2. Nicotine dependence is a state of dependence upon nicotine. Pomerleau behavioral medicine program, department of psychiatry. What is the abbreviation for fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence internal consistency 0. A shorter test derived from the ftnd used for the general population is the heavy smoking index hsi six questions vs.
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